Which neuron component is responsible for receiving signals?

The component of a neuron that is responsible for receiving signals is the dendrites. Dendrites are tree-like extensions that branch out from the soma, or cell body, of the neuron. They are equipped with specialized receptors that respond to neurotransmitters released from other neurons. When these receptors are activated, they generate electrical signals that can lead to the initiation of an action potential in the neuron. This process is crucial for communication within the nervous system, as it allows neurons to receive information from other neurons and process that information appropriately.

In contrast, the soma primarily supports the metabolic functions of the neuron and does not itself receive incoming signals directly. Axon terminals, on the other hand, are involved in transmitting signals to other neurons rather than receiving them. The myelin sheath is a protective covering that insulates the axon and enhances the speed of signal transmission but does not play a direct role in receiving signals.