Which factor may contribute to spelling problems?

Inconsistencies in letter-sound correspondence can significantly contribute to spelling problems because they affect how individuals connect written letters to their corresponding sounds. When the relationship between letters and sounds is not consistent—for example, when the same letter or combination of letters can represent different sounds, or when a single sound can be represented by different letters—it creates confusion for learners. This inconsistency can lead to difficulties in accurately spelling words, as students may not reliably know how to convert the sounds they hear into the correct letters to form those words.

Additionally, mastering spelling relies heavily on phonemic awareness, which is the ability to understand and manipulate the sounds of spoken language. If letter-sound correspondences are inconsistent, it hinders this skill, exacerbating spelling challenges. Therefore, addressing inconsistencies in letter-sound relationships is crucial for effective spelling instruction and improving overall literacy.