Which factor is NOT associated with articulation disorders?

Articulation disorders primarily involve the mechanical aspects of speech production, which include the timing of movements, the direction of articulators, and the pressure of airflow. These factors are crucial because they relate to how speech sounds are physically produced.

The timing of movements refers to the coordination and timing necessary for the articulators (like the tongue, lips, and jaw) to produce speech sounds clearly and accurately. Direction of articulators pertains to how these speech organs are positioned to create specific sounds. Pressure of airflow is essential in controlling the voicing and clarity of speech sounds.

In contrast, psychological factors, while they can influence an individual's overall communication and confidence, do not directly affect the mechanics of how speech sounds are articulated. Articulation disorders are primarily linked to physical and neurophysiological aspects of speech rather than emotional or psychological states. Therefore, psychological factors are not associated with the core mechanics of articulation disorders.