What does the term orthography refer to specifically?

The term orthography specifically refers to the representation of sounds and words through letters. It encompasses the conventional spelling system of a language, which includes the rules and patterns that govern how letters are used to create words and convey meaning. In essence, orthography is about the written forms of language, including spelling conventions and punctuation. Understanding orthography is crucial for effective reading and writing, as it enables individuals to decode and encode language accurately. The other aspects mentioned, such as the rules of language structure or the study of sentence formation, relate to different components of language and communication rather than the specific function of orthography.