What cognitive functions are known to decline with age, particularly in adults with ASD?

Cognitive functions that tend to decline with age, particularly in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), include executive functions. Executive functions encompass a range of cognitive processes that enable individuals to engage in goal-directed behavior, such as planning, organization, decision-making, and inhibitory control. As age progresses, individuals with ASD may experience challenges in these areas due to the natural cognitive aging process, along with the unique neurodevelopmental characteristics of ASD.

In adults with ASD, these executive functions are crucial for navigating daily life tasks, managing time, and adapting to changes in routine. Difficulties in these functions can exacerbate challenges faced in social interactions and everyday problem-solving, further influencing overall quality of life. Understanding the decline of executive functions is therefore significant in developing strategies to support aging adults with ASD in maintaining their independence and social engagement.