According to the DSM-V, what factors are included in Autism Spectrum Disorder?

The correct response encompasses both essential components of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as outlined in the DSM-V. The diagnosis of ASD is characterized by two core areas of impairment: deficits in social communication and interaction, along with the presence of restrictive or repetitive patterns of behavior or interests.

Deficits in social communication and interaction can manifest in various ways, such as difficulties in understanding verbal and nonverbal communication, struggles to engage in back-and-forth conversations, and challenges in forming relationships appropriate to developmental levels. These social communication difficulties are critical for understanding how individuals with ASD relate to others and navigate social situations.

In addition to social communication deficits, individuals with ASD often exhibit repetitive behaviors. These can include a wide range of behaviors such as stereotyped movements, insistence on sameness, and highly focused interests. The presence of these behaviors is significant because it informs the comprehensive understanding of the individual’s needs and how they experience the world.

Together, these two areas highlight the spectrum nature of ASD, which can present differently across individuals, and underscore the importance of an integrated assessment and intervention approach that addresses both social communication and behavioral aspects.